Reporting on COVID-19: How Indian TV Media Deliver Threat and Uncertainty over Efficacy

PDF

Published: 2021-06-19

Page: 148-161


Disha Batra *

Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.

Vivek Kumar

Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

This paper investigated the Reporting on COVID-19: How Indian TV Media Deliver Threat and Uncertainty over Efficacy. A content analysis of Indian television news channels, investigating the news coverage during the initial outbreak of the virus in the country was done. Stories regarding COVID-19 from the top two television channels we’re analyzed. The empirical study was premised on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) a fear appeal message processing model that has already been applied to health news coverage. Results show that media attention was immense, creating hype and sensationalizing the news stories. In the context of EPPM, the news content overemphasized threat over precautionary measures. Only one-third of the news stories mentioned the self and collective precautionary measures and any reference that such measures are effective was almost negligible.

Keywords: COVID-19, Evolutionary Cytogenetics, coronavirus, efficacy, Homosporous ferns, fear, Indian media, Multiple origins of polyploidy ferns, threat, uncertainty


How to Cite

Batra, Disha, and Vivek Kumar. 2021. “Reporting on COVID-19: How Indian TV Media Deliver Threat and Uncertainty over Efficacy”. Asian Journal of Sociological Research 4 (1):148-61. https://journalsociology.com/index.php/AJSR/article/view/37.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Coronavirus. Who.int; 2020.

Available:https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) - events as they happen. Who.int; 2020.

Available:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen.

Coronavirus. Who.int; 2020.

Available:https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_3.

Leventhal H. Findings and theory in the study of fear communications. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic Press. 1970; 5:119–186.

Witte K. Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs. 1992; 59(4):329-349. Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759209376276

EPPM Rogers R. A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. The Journal of Psychology. 1975;91(1):93-114. Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803

Chang C. News coverage of health-related issues and its impacts on perceptions: Taiwan as an example. Health Communication. 2012;27(2):111-123.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.569004

Witte K, Allen M. A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health Education & Behavior. 2000;27(5):591-615.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1177/109019810002700506

Goodall C, Sabo J, Cline R, Egbert N. Threat, efficacy, and uncertainty in the first 5 months of national print and electronic news coverage of the H1N1 virus. Journal of Health Communication. 2012;17(3):338-355. Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.626499

Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman; 1997.

Brashers D. Communication and uncertainty management. Journal of Communication. 2001;51(3):477-497.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02892.x

McMahan S, Witte K, Meyer J. The perception of risk messages regarding electromagnetic fields: extending the extended parallel process model to an unknown risk. Health Communication. 1998;10:247–259.

Lin Y, Hu Z, Alias H, Wong LP. Influence of mass and social media on psycho behavioral responses among medical students during the downward trend of COVID-19 in Fujian, China: Cross-Sectional Study. J. Med. Internet Res. 2020;22:e19982.

BARC; 2020.

Available:https://www.barcindia.co.in/statistic.aspx.

Krippendorff K. Content analysis (2nd ed.). SAGE; 2004.

Lasswell HD. The structure and function of communication in society. In W. Schramm (Ed.), Mass communications. 1960;117–130.

Smith R, Ferrara M, Witte K. Social sides of health risks: Stigma and collective efficacy. Health Communication. 2007; 21(1):55-64.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230701283389

Hossain MT, Ahammed B, Chanda SK, Jahan N, Ela MZ, et al. Social and electronic media exposure and generalized anxiety disorder among people during COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A preliminary observation. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15(9):e0238974.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238974

Garfin D, Silver R, Holman E. The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychology. 2020;39(5):355- 357.

Available:https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000875